Important factors that affect blood
Blood samples of each situation is unique. Vein competent professional should be required not only technical skills to obtain quality specimens, but must also understand that many variables in patients with complications and procedural errors, the integrity of the sample or the health and safety of the patient to avoid or reduce potential negative impacts. The factors are as follows: AgeSome physiological functions, such as age-related renal function in adults. For instance, creatinine clearance, kidney function, is directly related to the age of the patient, which must be used to calculate the test results.
DietSome laboratory affected by eliminating the intake of certain foods that need food for several days before sample collection. For example, some methods of covert (hidden) blood seen in stool samples also show similar substances in meat and certain vegetables. Therefore, a special diet prevents these foods must be followed for several days before collecting sample. Fluid intake can also affect the composition of your blood. Excessive fluid intake can lead to decreased levels of HGB and electrolyte balance to change.
Consumption of caffeine has been shown to affect cortisol levels. Current amount of alcohol consumption may also test the value, particularly glucose values. AltitudeDecreased oxygen in the air higher altitudes causes the body to produce more RBC’s to meet the body needs oxygen, higher, higher I rise. RBC count it and related provisions, such as hemoglobin (HGB) and hematocrit (HCT), is greater than normal values in the larger increase.
Daily VariationsMany blood components exhibit normal daily fluctuations or fluctuations in the day. Factors play a role in the daily fluctuations in the number of activities, food, light and darkness, and when awake or asleep. White blood cell count, eosinophil count, and iron is lower than the early afternoon. Cortisol, insulin, potassium, and morning testosterone levels are highest. Daily fluctuations can be large. For example, iron, and cortisol levels can be 50% or more by 8:00 bis 4:00 am vary. DehydrationDehydration (decrease in total body fluid), prolonged vomiting or diarrhea that occurs, for example, causes hemconcentration, a condition in which blood components, which leaves the bloodstream can easily be concentrated as a result of smaller volume of plasma.
Hemconcentration wrong with raising some blood components such as red cells, enzymes, iron, calcium and sodium. In addition, it is often difficult to obtain blood samples from the dehydrated patient. Fever Fever affects the number of levels of hormones. Hypoglycaemia due to fever increased insulin levels, followed by an increase in glucagon levels. Fever also increases cortisol levels, and this may affect their daily cycles. Addiction TherapyMany drugs alter the physiological functions. In most cases, such effects are desired. For some people, but has an undesirable physiological effect known side effects or sensitivities. For example, diuretics are often increase the calcium content, and may reduce lead levels of potassium.
Chemotherapy drugs often cause decreased blood cells, especially leukocytes and platelets. Many drugs are toxic to the liver, causing liver enzymes such as glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (aspartate transaminase), alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH / LD). pancre’atitis steroids and diuretics may increase serum amylase and lipase values. Drugs may also be effective in laboratory tests with, so a rise or fall in test results. several laboratory test methods based on fluorescent, chromogenic (color-producing), peroxides, or a reagent binding reaction.
Drugs can be used as a test substance to compete with the reagents tested caused false low or false-negative result, or the drug may improve the response, leading to false positive or false high result. abbreviation of agents used to interfere with the test response of crud ‘associations to be desired, unfortunately. ” College of American Pathology (CAP) has guidelines to minimize the disruption of drugs that are known to interfere with the test methods. medicines, which should be mixed with unknown urine samples should be avoided before the urine sample collected.
It is recognizable by a doctor or 48-72 hours to improve the drug’s fault, but it is useful to the technician or technicians to slip in a laboratory test, which punctured the references in the laboratory, where he administered drugs were observed just before the blood sample. SmokingNicotine affects the number of blood components. magnitude of the effect depends on the number of cigarettes smoked. Patients can smoke before taking a sample of cortisol levels and increased white blood cell count.
Chronic smoking is often the cause of reduced lung function and increased hemoglobin. ExerciseThe impact on the use of blood composition depends on the duration and intensity of activity, and back to the physical condition of the patient. But even moderate muscular activity in a series of blood components, such as lactic acid, creatinine, albumin, elevator, and certain enzymes. The quantities of these substances to normal operation after the operation is now complete, except for enzymes such as creatine kinase and LDH, which may remain elevated for 24 hours or more.
The patient’s sex, race or gender is a decisive effect on the blood concentration of many components. Most of the difference is only after puberty. individual differences are a normal male and female. For example, RBC, HGB and hematocrit normal values are higher for men than for women. PregnancyPregnancy causes physiological changes in a number of systems in the body. Consequently, the results of a series of laboratory normal ranges observed in pregnant populations are compared. For example, a dilutive effect of increased red cell fluid, which is normal during pregnancy, and will result in lower number of red blood cells. StressEmotional stress, fear or anxiety in the form shown to cause a transient increase in leukocyte count, decreases in serum iron and increased adrenal hormone levels.
For example, studies have shown a significant increase in crying infants with WBC. Counts returned to normal within 1 hour after the crying stopped. For this reason, it is more complete blood count (CBC) and WBC samples obtained after the child was asleep or resting quietly for at least 30 minutes. If the collected samples, while the child is crying, then it should be noted the report. in the field of psycho € Immunology (PNI), a study on the interactions between the rain, endocrine and immune system. PNI research has shown that the cell membrane receptors may be a person’s mind and the WBC’s stressful to act by stimulating the increased number of cells.
PositionA patient’s body position, both before and during the collection of blood components affecting the blood. Driving in supine (located behind the filter), or the position of the standing water caused by the plasma component of blood to the tissues, which reduces plasma volume and growth nonfilterable elements or substances such as proteins, iron, calcium and blood cells, blood vessel walls, which does not happen easily. number, such as RBC and the patient is about 15 minutes, standing higher than the basal condition in the RBC of the same patient. Basel StateThe ideal time to blood Patients must be paid if the patient has basal state. Basal state agency is when a patient has refrained from strenuous exercise and not eat or drink except water for 12 hours (taken on an empty stomach). Collect the basal state or remove the effects of the minimum sample diet, exercise, and other controllable factors that the test results as well as an ideal model for the development of a laboratory reference ranges or normal values for stationary.
Article Source: Blood Test Guide, Interpret Blood Test Results
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